Earbuds / Compare
Samsung Galaxy Buds2 Pro vs Sony WF-C700N
Product A: Samsung
92 of 166 known
Change Samsung Galaxy Buds2 Pro
Product B: Sony
78 of 166 known
Change Sony WF-C700N
81 of 157 fields differ
- 44 different values
- 37 known for one only
- 17 the same
- 59 missing for both
Biggest differences
Each bar uses the scale of all 138 earbuds.
- Playback per charge with ANC (claimed)A: 5hB: 7.5hSony is 2.5 h higher.
- With caseA: 29hB: 20hSamsung is 9 h higher.
- Battery lifeA: 8hB: 10hSony is 2 h higher.
- Total with case and ANC (claimed)A: 18hB: 15hSamsung is 3 h higher.
Weight
0 to 80 g
Weight per bud
A5.5g
B4.6g
Case weight
A43.4g
B31g
All 166 fields
Every value links to where we found it.


General
6 of 8 differ
Series
Not available
Model numbers
GTIN / EAN
Not available
Not available
Announced
3 April 202311Press articleexpertreviews.co.uk/sony/1418291/sony-unveils-the-wf-c700n-and-midnight-blue-wh1000xm5Read 11 October 2026Expert Reviews, 3 April 2023: Sony unveils the WF-C700N. Trusted Reviews also dates its announcement news 3 April 2023 and Tom's Guide 4 April 2023.12Press articletrustedreviews.com/news/sony-announces-wf-c700-true-wireless-and-new-colour-for-wh-1000xm5-4314406Read 11 October 2026Trusted Reviews, 3 April 2023: Sony announced the WF-C700N.15Press articlegiga.de/news/sony-sagt-klobigen-in-ear-kopfhoerern-den-kampf-anRead 11 October 2026GIGA article dated 3 April 2023 reports the announcement.
Status
Not available
Not available
Predecessor
Samsung Galaxy Buds Pro20Reviewgsmarena.com/samsung_galaxy_buds2_pro_review-news-55883.phpRead 23 October 2026GSMArena's review calls the Galaxy Buds2 Pro the successor of the Galaxy Buds Pro.21Reviewtomsguide.com/reviews/samsung-galaxy-buds-2-proRead 23 October 2026Tom's Guide's review says the Galaxy Buds 2 Pro replaces the Galaxy Buds Pro.
Not available
Successor
Launch price (US)
Launch price (EU)
Not available
€129.9915Press articlegiga.de/news/sony-sagt-klobigen-in-ear-kopfhoerern-den-kampf-anRead 11 October 2026GIGA, 3 April 2023: 129,99 EUR (UVP) in Germany, incl. VAT. Trusted Reviews quotes about 120 EUR next to 100 GBP, which reads as a rounded conversion. The German sources cite the maker price.16Press articlebasic-tutorials.de/news/sony-wf-c700n-guenstige-true-wireless-earbuds-vorgestellt-wh-100xm5-in-neuer-farbenRead 11 October 2026Basic Tutorials, 4 April 2023: the maker's recommended retail price is 129,99 EUR, available from April 2023.
Markets
JP, US, DE2Maker product pagesony.jp/headphone/products/WF-C700NRead 10 October 2026Japan open-price listing. Documented subset. The page says the item is currently not handled in the Sony Store.9Measurementsoundguys.com/sony-wf-c700n-101531Read 10 October 2026SoundGuys is a US outlet and quotes US prices in dollars. Documented subset together with the Japan open-price listing.15Press articlegiga.de/news/sony-sagt-klobigen-in-ear-kopfhoerern-den-kampf-anRead 11 October 2026German launch price in euros. Documented subset.
Colours
Segment
Design
0 of 4 differ
Form factor
Bud shape
Use one bud alone
RGB lighting
Not available
Not available
Drivers and sound
8 of 17 differ
Drivers per bud
ASamsung Galaxy Buds2 Pro
| Type | Role | Diameter (mm) | Count per earbud |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dynamic | Woofer | 10 | 1 |
| Dynamic | Tweeter | 5.3 | 1 |
Source6Maker spec sheet (PDF)boulanger.scene7.com/is/content/Boulanger/8806094512540_f_0Read 5 October 2026Page 2 explicitly two transducers per earbud, 10 mm woofer and 5.3 mm tweeter. Dynamic technology is separately backed by exact review technical data. Coaxial 2-way alone is not used to infer technology.15Reviewheadphonecheck.com/test/samsung-galaxy-buds2-proRead 5 October 2026
BSony WF-C700N
| Type | Diameter (mm) | Count per earbud |
|---|---|---|
| Dynamic | 5 | 1 |
Driver type
Driver size
10mm
5mm
Drivers per bud
2
1
Diaphragm material
Not available
Not available
Frequency response
Not available
Not available
Impedance
Not available
Not available
Sensitivity
Not available
Not available
Sensitivity reference
Not available
Not available
Max bit depth
Not available
Personalised sound
Not available
Onboard EQ
Not available
Not available
Custom EQ bands
Not available
Not available
EQ presets
Normal, Bass boost, Soft, Dynamic, Clear, Treble boost11Maker product pagesamsung.com/us/support/answer/ANS10001321Read 5 October 2026Exact Buds2 Pro equalizer section plus original manual six-option count. Galaxy Wearable Android required. Current slider wording for other models is not a Buds2 Pro custom band count.
Not available
Volume limit
Not available
Not available
Spatial audio
2 of 2 differ
Spatial audio
360 Audio, Direct Multi-channel 5.1 and 7.11Maker product pagesamsung.com/uk/business/audio-sound/galaxy-buds/galaxy-buds2-pro-graphite-sm-r510nzaaeuaRead 5 October 2026
Head tracking
Noise cancelling
4 of 11 differ
Active noise cancelling
ANC type
Feedforward12Press articletrustedreviews.com/news/sony-announces-wf-c700-true-wireless-and-new-colour-for-wh-1000xm5-4314406Read 11 October 2026Launch news: Ambient Sound Mode and noise canceling work with the aid of feedforward microphones. The Sony help guide lists a single left and right microphone pair for calls and noise.17Retailer pagecenter.lv/en/sony/Audio/Headphones/4072-WF-C700N-G-Wireless-Noise-Cancelling-HeadphonesRead 11 October 2026Sony EU marketing text on the retailer page: Ambient Sound mode captures sound through the feedforward mics.
ANC microphones in both earbuds
Not available
Adaptive ANC
Not available
Not available
ANC levels
Not available
Not available
ANC attenuation (claimed)
Not available
Transparency mode
Adjustable transparency
Automatic ANC and transparency blend
Not available
Not available
Conversation detection
Not available
Wind noise reduction
Measured
4 of 23 differ
Frequency response notes (measured)
Default measured response has stronger sub-bass than the SoundGuys target, broadly matching mids and emphasized sound above 10 kHz.14Reviewsoundguys.com/samsung-galaxy-buds-2-pro-review-78415Read 5 October 2026Objective default curve and target comparison. Source fixture/target revision, firmware and exact curve codec unstated. No graph points or aggregate rating converted to dB.
RTINGS describes a warm sound profile. Bass has plenty of thump, the treble is underemphasised so sibilants sound dull and veiled. SoundGuys measures bass under 100 Hz more than 6 dB below its preference curve and treble above 5 kHz underemphasised.9Measurementsoundguys.com/sony-wf-c700n-101531Read 10 October 2026SoundGuys frequency response against its preference curve: bass under 100 Hz more than 6 dB quieter, treble above 5 kHz underemphasised.10Measurementrtings.com/headphones/tools/compare/sony-wf-c700n-truly-wireless-vs-sony-wf-c500-truly-wireless/39641/28723Read 10 October 2026Public RTINGS Sound Profile text for the Sony WF-C700N. Numeric bass and treble amounts are locked, so none are stored.
Bass amount (measured)
Not available
Not available
Treble amount (measured)
Not available
Not available
Deviation from target (measured)
Not available
Not available
Consistency between fittings (measured)
Not available
Not available
Harmonic distortion (measured)
Not available
Not available
Sound leakage (measured)
Not available
Not available
Noise isolation (measured)
Not available
Not available
Noise isolation, best (measured)
Not available
Not available
Passive isolation (measured)
Not available
Not available
Call quality notes (measured)
Published ideal, office, street and wind microphone recordings. Review reports noise rejection, but voice tone and consonants can sound altered.14Reviewsoundguys.com/samsung-galaxy-buds-2-pro-review-78415Read 5 October 2026
RTINGS: voice is clean and understandable but somewhat thin. Noise handling is unremarkable and sudden loud noise drowns out most of the voice.10Measurementrtings.com/headphones/tools/compare/sony-wf-c700n-truly-wireless-vs-sony-wf-c500-truly-wireless/39641/28723Read 10 October 2026Public RTINGS Recording Quality and Noise Handling text. Numeric results are locked.
Mic low-frequency extension (measured)
Not available
Not available
Mic high-frequency extension (measured)
Not available
Not available
Mic speech-to-noise ratio (measured)
Not available
Not available
Latency (measured)
Not available
Not available
Bluetooth latency, worst (measured)
Not available
Not available
2.4 GHz latency, worst (measured)
Not available
Not available
Latency in game mode (measured)
Not available
Not available
Battery life (measured)
ASamsung Galaxy Buds2 Pro
| ANC | Hours (h) |
|---|---|
| Yes | 4.83 |
Longest tested use per charge
4.83h
7.22h
Battery life with case (measured)
Not available
Not available
Full charge time (measured)
Not available
Not available
Weight per bud (measured)
Not available
Not available
Microphones and calls
4 of 7 differ
Voice microphones in both earbuds
Not available
All microphones in both earbuds
Bone conduction voice sensor
Yes16Review52audio.com/archives/140915.htmlRead 5 October 2026Exact original SM-R510 teardown identifies ST LSM6DSV16BX combined 6-axis IMU/bone-conduction chip and explicitly assigns its bone-conduction function to uplink call noise reduction. This is physical architecture evidence beyond the maker VPU name or a generic speech accelerometer. Cell markings also confirm 515 typical and 500 rated case, 58 rated bud. Teardown introductory ANC total 28 h typo is excluded.17Maker product pagenewsroom.st.com/media-center/press-item.html/n4523.htmlRead 5 October 2026ST original component description explicitly separates head-motion data and dedicated bone-vibration sensing channels in LSM6DSV16BX. Product use is established by exact Buds2 Pro teardown, not inferred from component capability alone.
Not available
Mic noise reduction
Call audio bandwidth
Not available
Not available
Mic mute control
Not available
Not available
Sidetone
Connectivity
12 of 18 differ
Chip
BES2700YP10Maker spec sheet (PDF)images.samsung.com.cn/is/content/samsung/assets/global/ir/docs/2024_4Q_Interim_Report.pdfRead 5 October 2026Same exact-generation table gives BES2700YP one-chip platform, corroborated by physical teardown. Corporate dimension W/H labels conflict with original infographic and UK API and are not used.16Review52audio.com/archives/140915.htmlRead 5 October 2026
Not available
Connections
Bluetooth
Bluetooth codecs
SSC (Samsung Seamless Codec) HiFi, AAC, SBC2Maker product pagesearchapi.samsung.com/v6/front/b2c/product/spec/detailRead 5 October 2026
Bluetooth profiles
A2DP, AVRCP, HFP2Maker product pagesearchapi.samsung.com/v6/front/b2c/product/spec/detailRead 5 October 2026
A2DP, AVRCP, HFP, HSP1Maker product pagesony.jp/headphone/products/WF-C700N/spec.htmlRead 11 October 2026
Multipoint
Multipoint devices
Not available
Multipoint with LDAC
Not available
Not available
Paired devices remembered
Not available
Automatic switching between own devices
Yes1Maker product pagesamsung.com/uk/business/audio-sound/galaxy-buds/galaxy-buds2-pro-graphite-sm-r510nzaaeuaRead 5 October 2026Samsung Account routing, including supported Galaxy Book. Ordinary Bluetooth multipoint is separate.9Maker product pagedoc.samsungmobile.com/SM-R510/023323220719/roh.htmlRead 5 October 2026R510XXU0AXB4 March 6, 2024 improves Galaxy Book routing, requiring Samsung Settings 6.0 or later and phone/tablet One UI 4.1.1 or later plus Continuity Service 1.2.16 or later. Same Samsung Account required.
Not available
Fast pairing
Not available
Audio sharing
Not available
Not available
Wireless range (claimed)
Not available
Wireless receiver
Not available
Not available
Receiver connector
Not available
Not available
Simultaneous 2.4 GHz and Bluetooth audio
Not available
Not available
Latency
1 of 3 differ
Low latency mode
Not available
Claimed latency
Not available
Not available
Lowest claimed latency
Not available
Not available
Compatibility
3 of 4 differ
Platforms
Connection per platform
ASamsung Galaxy Buds2 Pro
| Platform | Connection | Microphone works |
|---|---|---|
| Android | Bluetooth | Yes |
| iOS | Bluetooth | Not available |
BSony WF-C700N
Not availableFeatures that need a specific device
ASamsung Galaxy Buds2 Pro
| Feature | Needs |
|---|---|
| 24-bit Hi-Fi audio | Samsung Seamless Codec HiFi on a compatible Galaxy device with One UI 4.0 or later. App support varies. |
| 360 Audio and head tracking | Compatible Galaxy phone/tablet with One UI 3.1 or later and supported content. Selected Samsung TVs also support 360 Audio. |
| Direct Multi-channel 5.1/7.1 | Galaxy phone/tablet with One UI 4.1.1 or later. Selected Samsung TV models support 5.1 only. |
| Auto Switch | Same Samsung Account on supported Galaxy phone/tablet/watch/Book. TV switching is for calls only. |
| Galaxy AI Interpreter and Live Translate | Compatible Galaxy smartphone and current software. Phone does translation, not the earbuds. Samsung Account and language packs required. Live Translate needs network access and Samsung Phone app. |
BSony WF-C700N
| Feature | Needs |
|---|---|
| Multipoint connection | Turn on Connect to 2 devices simultaneously in the Sony | Headphones Connect app. Multipoint came with a firmware update after launch. |
| 360 Reality Audio | Needs a compatible streaming service. Personalisation analyses the ear shape in the Sound Connect app. |
| Adaptive Sound Control | Set in the Sony app. It uses the paired smartphone motion sensor and GPS to switch noise canceling, Ambient Sound Mode and equalizer settings by activity and place. |
Source3Maker product pagesony.jp/headphone/products/WF-C700N/feature_1.htmlRead 11 October 2026Adaptive Sound Control section: the paired smartphone accelerometer detects stopped, walking, running and in-vehicle states and the phone GPS recognises frequent places. The headphones then switch to the noise canceling, Ambient Sound Mode and equalizer settings the user registered for each case.4Maker product pagesony.jp/headphone/products/WF-C700N/feature_2.htmlRead 11 October 2026360 Reality Audio certified model. Needs a compatible streaming service. Personalisation in the Sound Connect app.8Owner's manualhelpguide.sony.net/mdr/2968/v1/en/print.pdfRead 11 October 2026Multipoint chapter and the app function list. Multipoint is switched on in the app.
Official licence
Not available
Not available
Battery and charging
10 of 13 differ
Battery per bud
Not available
User-replaceable earbud battery
Not available
Not available
Claimed battery life
ASamsung Galaxy Buds2 Pro
| Mode | Includes case recharges | Hours (h) |
|---|---|---|
| ANC on | No | 5 |
| ANC on | Yes | 18 |
| ANC off | No | 8 |
| ANC off | Yes | 29 |
| Call | No | 3.5 |
| Call | Yes | 14 |
| Call | No | 4 |
| Call | Yes | 15 |
Source4Press releasenews.samsung.com/us/samsung-galaxy-z-flip4-galaxy-z-fold4-unpacked-2022-most-versatile-smartphonesRead 5 October 2026Playback 5/18 h ANC on, 8/29 h off, where totals include buds and case. Call 3.5/14 h ANC on, 4/15 h off. The two pairs of call rows preserve these stated conditions here because call mode does not encode ANC. Preproduction Galaxy smartphone, original default settings. Exact host, codec, volume and firmware unstated. App/network/use affect runtime.7Maker product pagesamsungmobilepress.com/articles/infographic-galaxy-buds2-pro-taking-immersive-sound-deeper-with-earbuds-built-for-comfortRead 5 October 2026
BSony WF-C700N
| Mode | Codec | Includes case recharges | Hours (h) |
|---|---|---|---|
| ANC on | AAC | No | 7.5 |
| Transparency | AAC | No | 7.5 |
| ANC off | AAC | No | 10 |
| ANC on | SBC | No | 7 |
| Transparency | SBC | No | 7 |
| ANC off | SBC | No | 9 |
| ANC on | AAC | Yes | 15 |
| ANC off | AAC | Yes | 20 |
| Call | Not available | No | 5 |
Source1Maker product pagesony.jp/headphone/products/WF-C700N/spec.htmlRead 11 October 2026Continuous music playback up to 7.5 h with NC on and up to 10 h with NC off. Continuous talk time up to 5 h with NC on or off. Codec rows come from the Help Guide table.8Owner's manualhelpguide.sony.net/mdr/2968/v1/en/print.pdfRead 11 October 2026Available operating time table: AAC NC ON 7.5 h, Ambient Sound Mode 7.5 h, OFF 10 h. SBC NC ON 7 h, Ambient 7 h, OFF 9 h. Communication time max 5 h in every mode. With-case totals come from the maker feature page.
Longest claimed use per charge
8h
10h
Playback per charge with ANC (claimed)
5h
7.5h
Playback per charge without ANC (claimed)
8h
10h
Total with case (claimed)
29h
20h
Total with case and ANC (claimed)
18h
15h
Talk time (claimed)
4h
5h
Full charge time, buds
Not available
Charging guidance
Not available
Not available
Quick charge time
Earbud playback after quick charge
Charging case
4 of 10 differ
Case battery
515mAh2Maker product pagesearchapi.samsung.com/v6/front/b2c/product/spec/detailRead 5 October 2026Typical 515 mAh, rated 500 mAh. The original US launch table labels 500 as typical, conflicting with exact UK table, original maker infographic and photographed case-cell label. Those agree on 515 typical, so 500 is not substituted.4Press releasenews.samsung.com/us/samsung-galaxy-z-flip4-galaxy-z-fold4-unpacked-2022-most-versatile-smartphonesRead 5 October 2026Launch table typical 500 mAh conflicts with same-table rated 500 and later exact UK typical 515. Exact UK table plus original maker infographic and physical cell markings control the stored typical value.7Maker product pagesamsungmobilepress.com/articles/infographic-galaxy-buds2-pro-taking-immersive-sound-deeper-with-earbuds-built-for-comfortRead 5 October 202616Review52audio.com/archives/140915.htmlRead 5 October 2026
Not available
User-replaceable case battery
Not available
Not available
Case charging port
Case full charge time
Not available
Wireless charging
Wireless standards
Qi7Maker product pagesamsungmobilepress.com/articles/infographic-galaxy-buds2-pro-taking-immersive-sound-deeper-with-earbuds-built-for-comfortRead 5 October 2026Original maker infographic explicitly Qi-certified wireless charging. No Qi2, magnetic alignment or case maximum wattage inferred.8Maker product pagesamsung.com/de/support/mobile-devices/galaxy-buds2-pro-vs-buds2-vs-buds-proRead 5 October 2026Exact Buds2 Pro comparison column explicitly USB-C, Qi and Wireless PowerShare. Other Buds columns are not inherited.
Not available
Wireless charging power
Not available
Not available
Speaker in case
Not available
Not available
Screen on case
Not available
Not available
Case works as audio transmitter
Not available
Not available
Controls
4 of 5 differ
Controls
Earbud volume control
Gestures
Single, double and triple tap, Touch and hold, Double tap earbud edge in Labs3Owner's manualorg.downloadcenter.samsung.com/downloadfile/ContentsFile.aspxRead 5 October 2026
Press once, Press twice, Press 3 times, Press 4 or more times, Press and hold8Owner's manualhelpguide.sony.net/mdr/2968/v1/en/print.pdfRead 11 October 2026
Remappable controls
Sensors and health
3 of 9 differ
In-ear detection
No14Reviewwhathifi.com/reviews/sony-wf-c700nRead 11 October 2026Review: there is no auto-pause or play when you take the buds out or put them in.17Retailer pagecenter.lv/en/sony/Audio/Headphones/4072-WF-C700N-G-Wireless-Noise-Cancelling-HeadphonesRead 11 October 2026Retailer spec table, Sony EU text: automatic pause and play No.
Sensors
Accelerometer, Gyroscope, Hall sensor, Proximity sensor, Touch sensor, Voice Pickup Unit (VPU)2Maker product pagesearchapi.samsung.com/v6/front/b2c/product/spec/detailRead 5 October 2026
Not available
Heart rate sensor
Not available
Not available
Skin temperature sensing
Not available
Not available
Hearing aid feature
Not available
Not available
Medical clearances
Not available
Not available
Hearing test
Not available
Not available
Hearing protection
Not available
Not available
Fit and durability
4 of 7 differ
Ear tips included
Ear tip materials
Stabilisers
Ear tip fit test
Not available
Dust and water rating, buds
Dust and water rating, case
Not available
Not available
Water resistance depth
Not available
Software
4 of 6 differ
Companion app
App platforms
User firmware updates
Finding network
Precision finding
Not available
Not available
Dimensions and weight
4 of 4 differ
Weight per bud
Bud dimensions
Width19.9Height21.6Depth18.7mm(0.8 × 0.9 × 0.7 in)2Maker product pagesearchapi.samsung.com/v6/front/b2c/product/spec/detailRead 5 October 2026Exact labeled HxWxD values reordered by explicit labels, not appearance. Original maker infographic also explicitly labels W19.9/H21.6/D18.7. Corporate report later reverses W/H labels, and its dimensions are not used.7Maker product pagesamsungmobilepress.com/articles/infographic-galaxy-buds2-pro-taking-immersive-sound-deeper-with-earbuds-built-for-comfortRead 5 October 2026
Not available
Case weight
Case dimensions
Width50.1Height50.2Depth27.7mm(2 × 2 × 1.1 in)2Maker product pagesearchapi.samsung.com/v6/front/b2c/product/spec/detailRead 5 October 2026Exact UK HxWxD table gives H50.2/W50.1/D27.7. Source axis convention retained, not reoriented by the case photo.
Not available
Certifications
1 of 3 differ
Hi-Res Audio
Not available
Not available
Communication certifications
Not available
Not available
FCC IDs
Not available
Not available
Other certifications
Not available
In the box
2 of 2 differ
In the box
Galaxy Buds2 Pro left and right earbuds, Charging case, Ear tips in S, M and L, USB charging cable, Quick Start Guide18Owner's manualmanuals.plus/m/fe8924747739a7c817a74c5176c6d9390427c2f33249a40da05437d4227a45a9_optim.pdfRead 5 October 2026Original EU/UK maker Quick Start Guide GH68-54690D Rev1.0 June 2022, mirrored PDF. English pages 2 to 7 read through web original. Native download unavailable with HTTP 403. Supplied items may vary by region. Exact UK cable length not established, so French 1 m claim is omitted. No power adapter listed.
Wireless noise canceling stereo headset (earbuds), Hybrid silicone rubber earbud tips (SS, M, LL, 2 each), Charging case, USB Type-C cable (USB-A to USB-C), approx. 20 cm2Maker product pagesony.jp/headphone/products/WF-C700NRead 10 October 2026Included items: hybrid ear tips (SS, M, LL, 2 each), charging case, USB Type-C cable (USB-A to USB-C, approx. 20 cm), warranty card.8Owner's manualhelpguide.sony.net/mdr/2968/v1/en/print.pdfRead 11 October 2026
Cables included
ASamsung Galaxy Buds2 Pro
Not availableBSony WF-C700N
| Type | Length (m) | Count |
|---|---|---|
| USB-A to USB-C | 0.2 | 1 |
Links
Not compared
Product page
Spec sheet
boulanger.scene7.com/is/content/Boulanger/8806094512540_f_06Maker spec sheet (PDF)boulanger.scene7.com/is/content/Boulanger/8806094512540_f_0Read 5 October 2026Original two-page Samsung France SM-R510 maker fiche, retailer-hosted. Both pages read and page 2 visually inspected. Shared hardware facts only. Regional French SKUs, GTINs, cable 1 m and Android 7 wording are not borrowed into the UK package. Printed RAM 8 Go is uncorroborated and unused.
Manual
org.downloadcenter.samsung.com/downloadfile/ContentsFile.aspx3Owner's manualorg.downloadcenter.samsung.com/downloadfile/ContentsFile.aspxRead 5 October 2026Original EU English 09/2022 Rev1.0, linked from exact UK SKU support. All 51 numbered pages read. Source default settings and firmware may differ from current firmware.
EPREL registration number
Not available
Not available
Warranty
1 of 1 differ
Manufacturer warranty (source market)
Not available
Both are also in the API. Back to all earbuds.


















